Reverse lookup. An expensive operation.
If you receive email from john@doe.com coming from ip 123.123.123.123
then you need to verify that mail.doe.com resolves to 123.123.123.123.
If it doesn't, then it may be spam or an improperly configured mail
server, which is very common. e.g. If you have web hosting, and use
your domain for email, then it is likely that you don't have your own
mail server, but a shared one which may identify itself as
mail.webhost.com, which you would also need to verify... Grrr...
Spammers create so much work for mail administrators...